What is Sentence ? Definition of Sentence ? Kinds of Sentences with Examples.

The Sentence

Definition :- A group of words which makes a complete sense, is called a 'Sentence'.

eg -  The is cow a animal domestic. ( not a sentence)

        The cow is a domestic animal. (It is a sentence)

But let you think - What is the difference between "Incorrect Sentence" or "Not a sentence"? Both do not make a complete sense. 

Kinds of Sentences

There are three types of sentences :

i) The Simple Sentence

ii) The Complex Sentence

iii) The Compound Sentence

The Simple Sentence

Definition :- Simple Sentences are those sentences which have only one subject and one predicate.

Or we can say

The sentence that has only a finite verb or main verb is called simple sentence.

eg -

         He went to Agra and saw the Taj. (not a simple sentence)

         (two finite verbs here - went and saw)

         Ravi and Pooja went to Agra. (not a simple sentence)

         (two subjects are here - Ravi and Pooja)

It means -

         Ravi went to Agra and Pooja went to Agra too.

Simplet sentence : She is playing basket ball.

                               We have taken food.

Kinds of Simple Sentence

These are of five types :

a) Assertive Sentence

b) Interrogative Sentence

c) Imperative Sentence

d) Exclamatory Sentence

e) Optative Sentence

a) Assertive Sentence :- A sentence that makes a statement or assertion is called a declarative or assertive Sentence.

ऐसे वाक्य  जिनसे किसी कार्य के करने या न करने, अथवा स्वीकृति या अस्वीकृति का बोध होता है, उसे Statement Sentence भी कहते हैं। 

ये दो प्रकार के होते हैं -

i) Affirmative Sentence :-

                                                          इनसे किसी कार्य के करने अथवा स्वीकृति का बोध होता है। 

Eg : 
I go to school daily.

You are a student.

I always speak the truth.

ii) Negative Sentence

                                                         इनसे किसी कार्य के न करने, अथवा अस्वीकृति का बोध होता है। 

eg : 
I do not go to school daily.
You are not a student.

I never tell a lie.

b) Interrogative Sentence :

              A sentence that asks a question is called an Interrogative Sentences.
                इनसे प्रश्नो का बोध होता है। इनके अंत में सदैव प्रश्न वाचक चिह्न { ? }आता है। 
Eg. Where are you going ?
       Are you going to market ?
ये दो प्रकार के होते हैं -
1) Yes/No Answer Type Questions
2) Question Word Questions

1) Yes/No Answer Type Questions

                                                      इन प्रश्नो का उत्तर केवल Yes/No में ही दिया जा सकता है। ये प्रश्न प्रायः Helping Verb से शुरू होते हैं। 
ये निम्न हैं -
is, am, are, was, were, will, shall, has, have, had, do, does, did, can, could, may, might, should, would, must etc
Eg :- 
Q) Are you a student ?
Ans) In affirmation
a) Yes.
b) Yes, I am.
c) Yes, I am a student.

In Negative
a) No.
b) No, I am not.
c) No, I am not a student.

Q) Do you go to school daily ?
Ans) In affirmation
a) Yes.
b) Yes, I go.
c) Yes, I go to school daily.

In Negative
a) No.
b) No, I do not go. ( or I don't )
c) No, I don't go to school daily.
Note : - अंग्रेजी भाषा में दूसरा टाइप सबसे अधिक प्रभाशाली माना जाता है। 

2) Question Word Questions :

                                                ऐसे प्रश्नो से किसी के बारे में पूर्ण या विशेष जानकारी प्राप्त होती है। ऐसे शब्द - wh-words या How-words से शुरू होते हैं। 
ये निम्न हैं 
Wh-words : -
who, whom, whose, which, why, when, where, what
How-words :-
How, how much, how many, how old, how far, how long, how often
Eg :- 
Q) What is your name ?
Ans) My name is Sabhyata Singh.
Q) What is your father's name ?
Ans) My father's name is Mr. Gopal Singh.

c) Imperative Sentence :

              A sentence that asks a question is called an Interrogative Sentences.

             इनमे request, order तथा advice का बोध होता है। इसका Subject 'You' होता है जो कि छुपा रहता है। 
ये दो प्रकार के होते हैं -
1) Affirmative Sentence :-
Structure - VI + O.   Or    VI+ Adverb
Eg -
(Order)
Open the door.
Stand up.
(Request)
Please help me.
Give me this, please.
(Advice)
Speak the truth.
Be humble.

2) Negative Sentence :-
Structure - Do not (Don't) + VI + O.   Or    Don't + VI+ Adverb
Eg -
(Order)
Don't open the door.
Don't stand up.
(Request)
Please don't help me.
Don't give me this, please.
(Advice)
Don't tell a lie.
Don't be cruel.

Exception :
Always speak the truth.
Never tell a lie.

d) Exclamatory Sentence :

              A sentence that expresses a strong or sudden feeling is called an exclamatory sentence.

                इनमे sudden feelings का बोध होता है। जैसे joys, sorrow, regret, surprise, grief, hate, fear, love, anger etc.
ये दो प्रकार से लिखे जाते हैं  -
1) जब ऐसे वाक्य Exclamatory words - ah, oh, hurrah, bravo आदि से शुरू होते हैं तो इनके तुरंत बाद Exclamatory Sign (!) आता है। 
Eg-
Alas! She died.
Bravo! You have done well.
2) जब ऐसे वाक्य what और how से शुरू होते हैं तो Exclamatory Sign (!) वाक्य के बाद आता है। 
Eg-
How nice she is !
What a question it is !
How foolish he is !
Structure :-
What + a/an + adjective + noun + subject + verb I !
How + adjective + subject + verb I !

d) Optative Sentence :

              A sentence that expresses 'wish, curse, pray' etc is called optative sentence.

                इनमे इच्छा, अभिशाप और प्रार्थना का बोध होता है। 
Eg - 
May you live long.     (wish)
Go to hell.                   (curse)
Good morning.            (wish)
May God bless you.    (pray)